Essay about Marijuana Speech - 1516 Words

Majoint,, spliff , blunt, dub, L, ganja, grass, pot, bud, and mary jane. Now, why are these words thought to be bad. Why are we taught from such a young age that marijuana is bad. Why are we able to go into any store and buy tobacco, which kills 400,000 people annually; alcohol, which kills 100,000 people annually; and caffeine, which kills 2,000 people annually. According to the New England Journal of medicine, you would have to smoke 1500 pounds of marijuana in under 15 minutes to OD. Marijuana was prohibited in 1937, but marijuana prohibition isn’t working. Today between 95 and 100 million Americans admit to having tried it and nearly 15 million have used it within the past month. Some people believe that marijuana is†¦show more content†¦it has been a part of western medicine since the 19th century. starting in the early 1900s states began outlawing it because it became associated with violence and psychosis. in 1937 through the marijuana tax act the federal government outlawed marijuana in objections by the american medical association. the United States ï ¬ rst criminalized marijuana as a way to arrest Mexican immigrants, who werethe only ones using it in the early 20th century. It was said that marijuana created a reefer madness that could turn people into violent, sex-crazed and irresponsible maniacs. Marijuana legalization is a very heated topic that has great controversy and is rarely discussed or taken seriously by US politicians because politicians are too preoccupied in preserving their seats in congress, and taking on marijuana legalization would be political suicide. Politicians and the media want the public, to believe that marijuana is a †gateway drug† that leads to more dangerous drugs. Although, marijuana is non-lethal and is safer than alcohol. It is an established scientiï ¬ c fact that marijuana is not toxic to humans; overdose is nearly impossible, and it is not nearly as addictive as alcohol or tobacco. In fact, it is more likely to become addicted to coffee than it is to this drug. Politics and media are very successful in convincing us that marijuana is not a safe drug. Some of the things that we know aboutShow MoreRelatedSpeech On Marijuana Legalization972 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH MARIJUANA LEGALIZATION I dont use any illegal drugs, but I am opposed to the fact that marijuana is illegal. The main reason for that is that smoking marijuana is no more dangerous to the user than smoking cigarettes and no more dangerous to society than alcohol consumption. Yes, there are necessary limits to individual freedoms. Yes, marijuana should be regulated by the government and restricted from consumption by children. Yes, marijuana may be somewhat harmful toRead MoreSpeech on Marijuana Legalization1123 Words   |  5 Pagesin the USA is that of the legalization of marijuana. This controversial topic is on the minds of our entire country. Whether or not to legalize marijuana has been a nation wide debate for years. In this informative speech I will be discussing only facts and opinions. Opinions and facts will come from organizations such as The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws, Marijuana Legalization Organization and the Drug Policy Alliance. Marijuana Legalization is an is sue because there areRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana Speech Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesworld on weather or not to legalize marijuana. The prohibition of marijuana is holding up the improvement of social and economic developments. Introduction I. [Attention-Getter] Would you want the government limiting how much coffee you can drink or how much cheesecake you’re allowed to eat? According to Dr. Paul Phinney, president-elect of the California medical association has found these types of foods to be just as addictive if not more than marijuana. a. According to this sameRead MorePersuasive Speech : Medical Marijuana1467 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: Medical Marijuana Speaker: Maria Garza, Front Range Community College student. Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to enter a marijuana dispensary, learn about the benefits for pain, and use a product that best suites their individual wants/needs; rather than the use of prescription medications. I. Introduction/Attention A. Attention-getter: Living in Colorado the use of marijuana is legal and is used by many with success. Does anyone here know a person or is a person who has usedRead MoreEssay on Speech on Legalization of Marijuana in Brazil870 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech on Legalization of Marijuana in Brazil Good morning class mates. Today I am going to discuss the legalization of marijuana in Brazil. I strongly believe marijuana should be legalized. I am not here to encourage anyone to use or not use marijuana. Yet I do believe that many current problems may and can be solved by its legalization. Marijuana is the most popular drug in Brazil after tobacco and alcohol. Discrimination is the reason why marijuana has stillRead MorePersuasive Speech : Should Marijuana Be Legalized894 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral purpose: To persuade Specific purpose: To persuade the audience that marijuana should be legalized in all states. INTRODUCTION Attention Step: Imagine being a person who is in agonizing pain day after day and there was not one medicine that was helping you. Feeling helpless everyday of your life but knowing that there was one treatment that you haven t tried and has been proven to be effective but it is illegal in the state you reside in. Relevance to Audience: What if every personRead MoreEssay On Persuasive Speech About Marijuana799 Words   |  4 Pages I must tell you something, and I know it will upset you, I tried marijuana last night. The words from my friend’s mouth slapped me across the face, I can almost feel the sting now as I recall the experience to you. As her words sunk in I started to wonder if our friendship could survive such a betrayal of trust. Forgive or not, this is the dilemma I found myself in as I listened to my best friend confess that she did something we both promised each other we would never do. She and I met at a fishRead MoreEssay on Informative Speech: The Pro’s And Con’s Of Medical Marijuana773 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech: The Pro’s And Con’s Of Medical Marijuana The purpose of the speech is to inform the audience about the pro’s and con’s of marijuana as well as the medical uses of marijuana . Types of Visuals: Three posters showing what Marijuana is. The pro’s of marijuana and the cons of Marijuana. Introduction: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Marijuana is one of the oldest cultivated plants (Nahas 8). Since it became illegal in 1967, there have been questions of whether or notRead MoreEssay about Informative Speech The Medical Properties of Marijuana1153 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Joyce Taus Title: The Medical Properties of Marijuana Purpose: To inform the audience of marijuana’s medicinal components and explain the medical benefits as well as the risks associated with the medication. Thesis: The five main factors to understanding marijuana’s role in medicine are: 1) Overview of cannabis and its chemical actions in humans. 2) Symptoms Treated, 3) Specific modes of administration, 4) Benefits of the drug, and 5) Risks of the drug. I. Introduction A. Hook (Gain theRead More The Censorship Debate795 Words   |  4 Pagesfreedom of speech entail.nbsp; The musicians and the people who listen to the music claim that freedom of speech is absolute, while others, particularly those who find the lyrics offensive, claim that it has limits.nbsp; Artists such as Ice-T, N.W.A.,and Cypress Hill have all had clashes with censorship.nbsp; N.W.A.s music is almost entirely negative and derogatory words.nbsp; Ice-T and Cypress Hill have sent very negative messages in their songs, about subjects such as marijuana and cop

Myth of Money and Success Essay - 1254 Words

Joshua Nooe Professor Hart RWS 200 20 October 2011 The Myth of Money and Success The American Dream is different for everyone, though it is most commonly associated with success, freedom, and happiness. The concept of the American Dream seems to have dwindled from where it was in the past few generations. It has gone from success, freedom, and happiness to having lots of money and the nicest possessions. In today’s society, we all hope and strive for this dream, but how many actually achieve the American Dream? Is it a reasonable goal that Americans should strive for, or is it a myth that only leads to self-destruction? According to Horatio Alger and Toni Cade Bambara, they both believe the concept that the American Dream†¦show more content†¦Today, as well as back in the 1800’s when the story was written, most people’s dreams are to achieve success. This formally became known as â€Å"The American Dream†. Although this may seem strange for everyone to have the same idea, it really isn’t when you look at it with an open perspective. Each and every person’s perception of success is extremely different and individual, which makes everyone’s dreams different. There may be people who strive for big goals, and there may be others who take it one day at a time, achieving happiness on a less formal level. In comparing the time period of the story to our society today, there are many similarities and differences to consider. According within the world we live today, people tend to set much higher goals and expectations for themselves, whereas, in Ragged Dick, it was more of a day-to-day type situation. When people set smaller, more realistic goals, it results in more happiness and comfort in their lifestyle. However, in today’s world, Americans have become so incredibly competitive and successful, that the standards have been significantly raised to the point where personal happiness is no longer good enough. After reading a novel like Horatio Alger’s Ragged Dick, you s ubconsciously make yourself realize the important underlying message that he is trying to portray. To me, this message is to always be optimistic, and no matter how bad your life is, it can always get better if you are honest,Show MoreRelatedThe Myth of Money and Success and That of Gender Essay1843 Words   |  8 PagesThe Myth of Money and Success and that of gender â€Å"The world we see that seems so insane is the result of a belief system that is not working. To perceive the world differently, we must be willing to change our belief system, let the past slip away, expand our sense of now, and dissolve the fear in our minds† —William James, an American philosopher and psychologist For a long time, the popular myth of success and that of gender have shapedRead MoreMoney And Success : The Myth Of Individual Opportunity By Gary Colombo Essay1661 Words   |  7 Pagesof. This means that there is plenty of competition between people chasing the same dream. In â€Å"Money and Success: The Myth of Individual Opportunity† Gary Colombo discusses how many people live in the myth of an American dream. People assume the American Dream will make them happy by having the dream job and being like everyone else. While Colombo talks about how the American dream is a myth of having money and being successful, Diana Kendall discusses in â€Å"Framing Class, Vicarious Living, and ConspicuousRead MoreThe Myth of Individualism1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe Myth of Individualism America is famous for the reputation of being the land of opportunity, and for generations immigrants have fled to the United States to experience the freedom and equality our government lays claim to. The fundamental of this reputation is the American Dream, the belief that life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each by hard working regardless of social class or circumstances of birth(by James Truslow Adams). The American DreamRead MoreClass Inequality And The American Class1407 Words   |  6 Pagescertain social status. Americans do not like to be put in a category based off of their money. Gregory Mantsios the author, explains how we view ourselves. For example, most American citizens identify themselves with work. Mantsios gives other reasons, and a solution to fix the American class labeling. Mantsios made some really good points about how Americas view word class, and made me agree with some of his myth. He also presented a weak solu tion that would go against our government to fix the problemRead MoreRagged Dick, by Hoatio Alger1532 Words   |  7 Pagesfeel as though it’s a myth as oppose to others thinking it’s great guidelines or a great blueprint to success. In a selection of the money and success chapter in â€Å"Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing†, a professor at Yale Law School, Harlon L. Dalton critiques the story of Horatio Alger â€Å"Ragged Dick† calling it a myth. Dalton says that you can’t just overlook the fact that people still are based upon race and class. The Horatio Alger myth conveys three basic messagesRead MoreTax Revenue Is The Source Of Funding For Public Education1176 Words   |  5 Pagesin wealthier communities are at an advantage over schools in economically depressed areas, where property values are much lower. Sales tax is regressive in nature, and dependent on taxpayers having enough confidence in the economy to spend their money. Sales tax is a consistent form of revenue for school funding, however the yield is inconsistent as the tax is not collected unless merchandise is purchased. Like the sales tax, the sin or sumptuary tax has an elastic yield and is only as stable asRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of EVM981 Words   |  4 Pagesbudget not over budget. The paper will highlight the examples of the real world benefits, as well as, the myths of EVM as it relates to the success of each project. Advantages and Disadvantages of EVM One of the main advantages and benefit of earned value management (EVM) process is that it can track and measure the project performance by the amount of work completed, time scheduled and money spent. One of the real-world benefits is that it can track each level of the project from the initialRead MoreMyths Are Influenced By The Founding Of America1193 Words   |  5 Pages Four popular myths are commonly associated with the founding of America. The first myths is that all of the settlers came to America, seeking religious freedom. Secondly, all of the settlers were from the middle of the English social class and brought their families with them. Thirdly, early America was created as a land where everyone had a chance to succeed and the English class system was forgotten. Lastly, that the new settlers had forgotten England’s laws and built their own unique legal systemRead MoreIntroduction to Rereading America901 Words   |  4 Pagespower of cultural myths, the editors tell that cultural myths hold people together and influence in the way we relate to others. Greek mythology is maintained by the editors to compare it with American culture. Both Greek and American culture can benefit the society but they can also restrain the society in modern life. Although both give understanding in society about how they should react, their definition of success is different. According to the editors definition of success, America is distinguishedRead MoreThe Myth Of Individual Opportunity1306 Words   |  6 PagesThe Myth of Individual Opportunity America is often referenced with the idea of the â€Å"American Dream† and the â€Å"Land of Opportunity.† For centuries, people have flocked to America in hopes of a better life and greater opportunity. However, if they are searching for equal opportunity, America is not the country that they will find it in. Success in the United States is limited to the opportunities available to the individual, and without equal distribution of opportunity, financial success is not reachable

Therapeutic Communication Free Essays

Therapeutic Communication- Nurse Relationships as Part of a Team Abstract The scenario in which I will discuss within my paper consists of an LPN student and a preceptor working a busy 12 hour shift on their acute care practicum. Both Patty (student) and Mary Lou (preceptor) worked very hard one evening and had not had a break when a patient requested some pain medication. They discussed their options with regards to pain management and later Patty administered Morphine 7. We will write a custom essay sample on Therapeutic Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 mg SC into injector port in Mr B’s leg. At the end of the shift it was noted during a narcotic count that there had been an error with Morphine. Patty had given the wrong amount as per order. Therapeutic Communication- Nurse Relationships as Part of a Team Before Mary Lou can organize a meeting with Patty the LPN student, she must first ensure the safety of the patient as paramount. Then she must decide the best way to approach Patty, an appropriate location to interview, the factors to consider while interviewing and the communication skills that would benefit their interview. Also she needs to determine whether anybody else should be involved. After careful consideration and all the facts gathered, Mary Lou calls Patty in for a interview. Discussion Mary Lou decided to call a meeting in a neutral setting that would be non- confrontational and non-threaten to Patty. A place they could sit comfortably across from each other and make eye contact. It is important for Mary Lou not to attach blame and her approach will include sensitivity and respect, after all Patty is a student and still quite vulnerable. Mary Lou wants to make it clear an error has been made and that it needs to be addressed, rectified and reported without demoralizing or belittling Patty. The methods by which it is reported or addressed should be thoughtful, maintain confidentiality, and be directed toward the appropriate person, agency, or regulatory body. † ( Burkhardt, Nathaniel, Walton, 2010, p 200) Some factors Mary Lou considers while interviewing Patty are any possible underlying reasons for the error: what happened. It is important for Patty to comfortably clarify in her own words and for Mary Lou to actively listen to the accounts of the day. This helps both parties understand completely where the error might have occurred and they can take steps to avoid a reoccurrence. While Mary Lou realizes Patty ultimately administered the wrong dose of medication, it is very important that Mary Lou states her role as preceptor and her accountability in the incident. The Canadian Nurses Association notes in its Code of Ethics that as a part of being accountable, ( Burkhardt, Nathaniel, Walton, 2010, p 200) â€Å" Nurses share their knowledge and provide feedback, mentorship and guidance for the professional development of nursing students, novice nurses and other health care team members. (CNA, 2008, p18) Mary Lou also offers empathy as she was once a nursing student as well and while we strive for perfection, human error can not always be avoided. The last issue to be considered and implemented is if anybody else needed to be involved? Mary Lou decided as long as they clearly identified the issue at hand and recognized they both had an ethical and professional responsibility to report the incident and rectify their shortfalls as student and preceptor, no other entity need to be involved. Conclusion In conclusion I think Mary Lou did an excellent job of identifying and addressing the issue of medication error ensuring dignity and respect to Patty. Mary Lou showed empathy and understanding while focusing on responsibilities of both parties to be more accountable in their daily care of patients, which at the end of the day is their main goal. One area of improvement that I noticed of Mary Lou after viewing the recording was she could have offered more open ended questions and let Patty express herself more. While I did feel Mary Lou actively listened to Patty, the opportunity for Patty to give feedback was not fully utilized. Over all I found this to be an interesting experience on therapeutic communication that I enjoyed completing. References Arnold, E. C. Boggs, K. U. (2011) Interpersonal relationships: Professional Communication Skills for Nurses, sixth edition (6th ed. ). St Louis, MO: Elsevier/Saunders Burkhardt, M. , Nathaniel, A. , Walton, N. (2010) Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing (1st ed. ) Toronto, ON: Nelson Education Ltd Canadian Nurses Association (2008) Code of Ethics for Registered nurses. Author If you need to type anything after the reference list then start it on this page How to cite Therapeutic Communication, Papers

Muscular System Essays - Muscular System, Exercise Physiology

Muscular System Do you think muscles are important? Do you have an idea of what they are made of? Well, here is some food for thought: your muscles make up forty percent of your body weight. If you like that interesting fact maybe you'll learn some more. The muscular system has three main types of muscles. These are: smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscles. Your smooth muscles are what line most hollow organs and these are involuntary muscles. If you are wondering what involuntary muscles are, these muscles automatically move without having to think about it. Some examples of smooth muscles are your stomach, intestines and bladder. Skeletal muscles are muscles that are connected to your limbs and all of your other bones. These muscles are voluntary. Voluntary muscles are the direct opposite of involuntary muscles, meaning you have to think to move them. A few examples of skeletal muscles are your biceps, triceps and quadriceps. Cardiac muscles are like skeletal muscles, but like smooth muscles, they are controlled involuntarily. These muscles form the thick walls of the heart. An example of a cardiac muscle is your heart. Some functions of muscles are pushing, pulling and moving. Pushing and pulling take the same muscles. These muscles are your deltoids, triceps, biceps, and pectorals. Moving muscles are the ones that make your legs move to walk. These muscles are your quadriceps, satorius, tendons, gastrocnemius and your gluteus maximus. Your muscular system is directly related to the following systems: your respiratory system, digestive system, skeletal system, circulatory system, and excretory system. Your muscular system is related to the respiratory system, because when you breath you use muscles to expand your chest. The muscular system is related to the digestive system because when you digest your food in your stomach, the stomach is a smooth muscle. The muscular system is related to the skeletal system because of your skeletal muscles which cling to your bones and move them. The circulatory system is related to the muscular system because the main organ is the heart. The excretory system is related to the muscular system because your intestines are like your stomach, both being smooth muscles. The muscular system has lots of part as you have learned. I wish I could tell you more, but there are a lot of parts, more than I have mentioned. I hope you continue your interests about the muscles by reading other people's reports. Thank you for reading!

Oleanna Essay Example

Oleanna Essay Example Oleanna Paper Oleanna Paper Essay Topic: Literature Oleanna is in short one of the most complex plays of the 20th century. Oleanna is a particularly virulent battle in the war between women and men. Oleanna is deceptively simple in plot and only becomes complicated when you try to figure out exactly what happened. A lot is said, but a lot more is insinuated and even more is to be discussed about. (one on onethe best womens monologues for the nineties edited by jack Temchin.) Oleanna is a duologue, it is written in three acts, in which it manages to enrage the full audience. Men in the first act and women in the second, the third act is totally open-ended and is left to the audiences interpretation. This is why Mamet wants the dialogue to be kept exactly the same. He wants the audience to see his own views rather than the directors interpretation. Mamet has, with Oleanna written a polarising play. He lets the audiences past experiences determine their view of they play. Oleanna is a realistic piece of drama and like Stanislavski Mamet wants the audience to watch what is being presented to them and decide what their view is on the issues presented. In this case the issues would be the breakdown of relationships, political correctness, power and control, misunderstanding, intellectual freedom and the cynicism of education. Mamets play touches on many issues; but at heart is a despair over society that seems to deny intellectual freedom and resorts instead to ideological jargon and the force of law (The Life and Work of Harold Pinter by Michael Billington) The three acts of the play constitute the exposition, the development and the denouement. The end of act one is the end of the exposition yet the end of the development is less clear-cut. Some may say it is the end of Act two yet others may argue that because the end of Oleanna is not really a conclusion then the development does not end, the story is still developing. I think the third Act is the denouement with the climax where John holds up the chair to hit her and calls Carol a cunt. I wouldnt touch you with a ten foot pole. You little cunt. The anti climax is Carol saying thats right. The play starts with John, a college lecturer on the phone to his wife grace, whilst carol a student in his class waits to speak to him. Carol and John speak about how she is failing his class. She explains to him that she finds it difficult and blames it on being from a different social background and asks him for help. Act one is loaded with dialogue that can be interpreted differently by different people and it seems that Carol takes them the wrong way. In the middle of Act one John tells Carol that he likes her and that if she visits him more she will get an A in his class. Some people will think John is taking advantage because he knows she has to pass the class, I have to pass it. I have to pass this course. Yet some people will acknowledge he is only trying to help her. Another example of this is where he reminds her that Theres no one here but you and me During Act One Carol gets very frustrated about her lack of knowledge only to be comforted by John who calms her down only to be told that she doesnt understand him. The line sums up one of the main themes in the play, they dont understand each other and so their relationship breaks down. This is due to misunderstanding and misinterpretation. David Mamet has said that most of his plays are centred around people trying to connect with each other. My plays are about people trying to become connected. People who are confused trying to do good but no one knows how. (Changing stages) This quote sums up Oleanna perfectly. Depending on your view of the play you view either one of the character trying to do good, yet ultimately failing. If you empathise with Carol you believe she is doing good by speaking out about John and is confused about how he treats her about why he needs power. If you empathise with John you believe he is only trying to help and is confused by how she treats him in return. At the end of Act one Carol is trying to tell him, and the audience something about herself yet they are, once again interrupted by the telephone, a symbol of the outside world. At the beginning of Act Two Carol is much more confident after joining a new group. She accuses John of harassment, which gives her power over him, and she seems to enjoy this. John seems to be very hurt by the report and doesnt understand why she is doing this to him. From the beginning of the play John has said Carol behaves the way she does due to her anger. As they discuss the accusations they are once again interrupted by the telephone. John tells her that he is only trying to save her and she gets angry and tries to leave the room. Instead of letting her go John gets up and restrains her. In Act Three John has asked Carol to his office to speak about her further accusations, yet she is unreasonable because she knows she has power over him. I have you think, power over you It is the power that you hate She knows he hates his loss of power and plays on this by trying to bargain with him. She says that if he excludes his book from the University then she will drop the accusations. This seems to incriminate carol yet, at the same time makes her seem reasonable for not ruining his life, all she wants is understanding. You think I want revenge. I dont want revenge. At the end of the play Carol pushes John over the edge by telling him not to call his wife baby. John pushes Carol to the floor and picks up a chair as if to hit her, yet he changes his mind (whilst probably changing some of the audiences minds) and puts it down. The end of the act is not necessarily the end of the story, as we do not know what happens to the characters, Mamet wants the audience to decide about the play, how they view it and therefore the denouement of the play. The super- objectives of the play are the breakdown of relationships and the cynicism of education. The subplots are political correctness, power and control, and the interruption from the outside world. With Oleanna Mamet follows Pinters style No one has taken up the Pinter style with more adroitness, or extended it further, than David Mamet. His plays like Pinters are notated like musical scores with pauses capitals and italics for emphasis, dashes and dots for overlapping and interruption You can delineate the intention by correctly delineating the rhythm of the speech And like a composer Mamet demands that the actor study the score fastidiously and perform it without the intrusion of personality (Changing Stages pg 231) The play is structured using units and objectives. The unit objectives are linked together by the through line of action, which, in this case is misunderstanding. The unit objectives in the first Act are to show the interruption from the outside world via the telephone, to show the exposition, to alienate Carol and to establish a link between the characters. The unit objectives in the second act are to show Carols frustration at her lack of understanding, to show that Carol has brought charges of harassment against John, to show Johns lack of understanding as to why she has done this (maybe it was her aim to make him understand how she feels when she doesnt understand?) and to show that it is Carol who is now in control. Although Mamet has given Carol a little more power he never fully lets her takes control as he shows when he strips her of power at the end of the play. Also, she doesnt actually have a lot of power because it is her group who have power over her yet she doesnt seem to realise this. The unit objectives of the last Act are to show Johns frustration at Carol, to show that Carol only wants to be understood and to make the audience question whether John did it or not, to think about their view of the play. When Mamet wrote Oleanna Carol was a no hoper and John a caring professor. Carol takes revenge on John who lifts up a chair to hit her yet he doesnt. The play ends with him looking at her in a confused state. This was met with members of the audience shouting, Hit the bitch. When Pinter did Oleanna he used Mamets real ending where john hits Carol and she forces him to say, I have failed in my responsibilities to the young Both endings are hard hitting and you can argue that one is better than the other yet both have strengths and weaknesses. Mamets first ending makes it a drama of recantation in the line of Galileo and The Crucible; the version he staged in New York left you feeling as if you had witnessed a human tragedy. (The life and work of Harold Pinter) Oleanna is, in some ways a comedy of errors and although it is not funny it can be almost farcical depending on how you view the play. If you feel that John is saying one thing and Carol takes this in a completely different context then the play becomes almost farcical. Oleanna is a microcosm for the whole world, what we see when watching Oleanna happens everywhere, it is just another misunderstanding. It is also a microcosm about claustrophobia. The feeling of claustrophobia John has in his life is the same as what everyone else will feel in their own lives sometimes. What makes Oleanna so different as a play is that although Mamet is prescriptive so the director may follow some of Stanislavskis system to access realism he perhaps wouldnt use emotion memory There are no characters only lines on a page (changing stages) Because it will change the audiences perception of the play, you cannot play the character with your own emotion you have to BE the character. Another thing, which makes the play so endearing, is that we dont actually know the characters intentions. This means that the smallest thing can change the audiences perception. Another thing is that in the 20th century when Brecht wrote his list of differences between dramatic theatre and epic theatre he said that dramatic theatre has a beginning, middle and end whereas epic doesnt, this is not the case with Oleanna which doesnt have a specific beginning or end, also we are not sure if the issues brought forward are resolved.

Definition and Examples of Duality of Patterning

Definition and Examples of Duality of Patterning Duality of patterning is a characteristic of human language whereby speech can be analyzed on two levels: As made up of meaningless elements;  i.e., a limited inventory of sounds or phonemesAs made up of meaningful elements; i.e., a virtually limitless inventory of words  or morphemes  (also called  double articulation) Definition [D]uality of patterning, says  David Ludden, is what gives language such expressive power. Spoken languages are composed of a limited set of meaningless speech sounds that are combined according to rules to form meaningful words (The Psychology of Language: An Integrated Approach, 2016). The significance of duality of patterning as one of the 13 (later 16) design features of language was noted by American linguist Charles F. Hockett in 1960. Examples and Observations Human language is organized at two levels or layers simultaneously. This property is called duality (or double articulation). In speech production, we have a physical level at which we can produce individual sounds, like n, b and i. As individual sounds, none of these discrete forms has any intrinsic meaning. In a particular combination such as bin, we have another level producing a meaning that is different from the meaning of the combination in nib. So, at one level, we have distinct sounds, and, at another level, we have distinct meanings. This duality of levels is, in fact, one of the most economical features of human language because, with a limited set of discrete sounds, we are capable of producing a very large number of sound combinations (e.g. words) which are distinct in meaning.(George Yule, The Study of Language, 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2006) Duality of Language and Animal Communication The level of sounds and syllables is the province of phonology, while that of meaningful elements is the province of grammar and semantics. Has this kind of duality any analog in animal communication systems?... The short answer to [that] question seems to be no.(Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy, The Origins of Complex Language: An Inquiry Into the Evolutionary Beginnings of Sentences, Syllables, and Truth. Oxford University Press, 1999) It is hard to find clear and uncontroversial examples of duality of patterning outside our own species. But let us say that we can find them- and there is evidence, from the way some animals like birds and dolphins manipulate melodies, that this might be true. This would mean that duality of patterning is a necessary condition for a communication system to be a human language, but that by itself it may not be enough. There is no human language without duality of patterning.(Daniel L. Everett, Language: The Cultural Tool. Random House, 2012) Hockett on Duality of Patterning [Charles] Hockett developed the phrase duality of patterning to express the fact that discrete units of language at one level (such as the level of sounds) can be combined to create different kinds of units at a different level (such as words)... According to Hockett, duality of patterning was probably the last feature to emerge in human language, and it was critical in separating human language from other kinds of primate communication...The most difficult bit to figure out is how and when duality of patterning could have emerged. How did individuals manage to isolate various bits of calls so that they could be endlessly combined into arbitrary symbols? Hockett thought that if two calls each had two distinct parts, then perhaps something in the blending process might alert individuals to the existence of discrete units. If you can combine breakfast and lunch into brunch, then does that alert you to the possibility that br is a distinct unit of sound that is combinable with other dis tinct units of sound? Solving this puzzle remains one of the thorniest of the problems in determining how language became possible.(Harriet Ottenheimer, The Anthropology of Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology. Wadsworth, 2009) The Structures of Phonology and Syntax The question of whether the structures of phonology and syntax are separate and distinct is relevant to the notion of duality of patterning... The division between meaningful and meaningless elements is less sharp than it appears, and the fact that words are composed of phonemes is arguably just a special case of the pervasive hierarchical structure that is present in language...Of all Hocketts design features, duality of patterning is the most misrepresented and misunderstood; in particular, it is frequently conflated with or linked to productivity (Fitch 2010). Hockett seems to have regarded duality of patterning as the single most important breakthrough in the evolution of language (Hockett 1973: 414), yet he himself was unsure whether to ascribe duality of patterning to the dance of the honeybee (Hackett 1958: 574).(D.R. Ladd, An Integrated View of Phonetics, Phonology, and Prosody. Language, Music, and the Brain: A Mysterious Relationship, ed. by Michael A. Arbib. MIT Press, 201 3)

Sam 386 unit 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sam 386 unit 8 - Assignment Example A contract must include the names of both or more parties involved. The parties when dealing with businesses must include the type of entity and state of establishment. The scope of the work describes in detail the things that must be done to comply with the terms of the contract. It also includes a specific list of deliverables for the project and a process for expanding the scope of work, should the client want you to provide additional services (Artofbusiness, 2014). The precise terms of the contract and the timeline for delivery of the contract are important elements. The project manager must provide progress reports to upper management about the completion status of the project. The payment details is probably the most important element of a service contract. The contract must clearly states who owns any patents, copyright, or trademarks that are product during the course of business of the